Areas where the Shining Path was active in Peru. Author: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benutzer:Tzzzpfff.
Stats[]
| Category. | Statistic. |
|---|---|
| Operated in. | Peru. |
| Founder(s). | Abimael Guzmán. |
| Founded in. | 1960. |
| Disbanded in. | De jure, but not de facto in 2010. A few cells still hold on. |
| Political alignment. | Loony left, homicidal hating those who were not loony left, lust for power and causing social collapse. |
| Activity. | Destroying indigenous culture and institutions, show trials ending in sometimes ending in "slitting throats, strangulation, stoning, and burning."; killing petty criminals on mass, banning the burying the bodies, closing small and rural markets, destroying oil piplines, a prohibition on parties, encouraging drug growing, drug lords, prohibition, the consumption of alcohol and destroying telephone equipment. |
| Online Links. | http://www.ticotimes.net/2016/04/11/death-toll-climbs-10-peru-guerrilla-attack, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-19858757, http://www.cfr.org/peru/shining-path-tupac-amaru-peru-leftists/p9276, https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp#sl36, http://www.cverdad.org.pe/ingles/ifinal/index.php, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shining_Path#Level_of_support, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shining-Path, http://perureports.com/shining-path/, https://www.amazon.com/Shining-Path-Peru-NA/dp/031210619X, http://muse.jhu.edu/article/205998,
https://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=A0LEVwn7YO1YjrwAemlXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTEyampwdTE1BGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDQjM2OThfMQRzZWMDc2M-?p=Shining+Path+%28of+Peru%29&fr=yset_chr_cnewtab, http://www.insightcrime.org/peru-organized-crime-news/shining-path and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shining_Path. |
Overview[]
The Communist Party of Peru (Spanish: Partido Comunista del Perú), more commonly known as the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso), is a communist militant group in Peru. When it first launched the internal conflict in Peru in 1980, its stated goal was to replace what it saw as bourgeois democracy with "New Democracy". The Shining Path believed that by establishing a dictatorship of the proletariat, inducing cultural revolution, and eventually sparking world revolution, they could arrive at pure communism. Their representatives said that existing socialist countries were revisionist, and they claimed to be the vanguard of the world communist movement. The Shining Path's ideology and tactics have been influential among other Maoist insurgent groups, notably the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and other Revolutionary Internationalist Movement-affiliated organizations.
Ideology and rule[]
Widely condemned for its brutality, including violence deployed against peasants, trade union organizers, popularly elected officials and the general civilian population, the Shining Path is classified by the Peruvian government, the U.S., the European Union, and Canada as a terrorist organization.
Leader of the organization Abimael Guzmán stated that "the triumph of the revolution will cost a million lives" - at a time when Peru's population was only 19 million. To that end, the Shining Path attempted to eradicate elements of the political and social order, attacking community leaders, teachers and professors, and political leaders. The first case of "popular justice" was the assassination in December 1980 of Benigno Medina, a landowner. In January 1982, two teachers were executed in front of their students. Several months later, 67 "traitors" were subjected to public execution. In addition, they set about demolishing all government installations and infrastructure. In August 1982, they destroyed the Center for Agricultural Research and Experimentation in Allpahaca and killed the animals.
Since the capture of its leader Abimael Guzmán in 1992, the Shining Path has declined in activity. Similar to militant groups in Colombia, some factions of the Shining Path have functioned as a highly efficient cocaine-smuggling operation, with an ostensibly paternalistic relationship to villagers.
History[]
Pre-1992[]
The Shining Path was founded in the late 1960s by Abimael Guzmán, a former university philosophy professor (referred to by his followers by his nom de guerre Presidente Gonzalo). His teachings created the foundation of its militant Maoist doctrine. It was an offshoot of the Communist Party of Peru — Bandera Roja (red flag), which in turn split from the original Peruvian Communist Party, a derivation of the Peruvian Socialist Party founded by José Carlos Mariátegui in 1928. It was a participant in the The Internal conflict in Peru. They were regularly massacred by the National Intelligence Service (Peru) and the Army Intelligence Service.
On December 29, 1981, the government declared an "emergency zone" in the three Andean regions of Ayacucho, Huancavelica and Apurímac, and granted the military the power to arbitrarily detain any suspicious person. The military abused this power, arresting scores of innocent people, at times subjecting them to torture during interrogation and rape. Police, military forces, and members of the Popular Guerrilla Army (Ejército Guerrillero Popular, or EGP) carried out several massacres throughout the conflict.
1992 and onwards[]
Since the capture of its leader Abimael Guzmán in 1992, the Shining Path has declined in activity.
On October 7, 2012, Shining Path rebels carried out an attack on three helicopters being used by an international gas pipeline consortium, in the central region of Cusco. According to the military Joint Command spokesman, Col. Alejandro Lujan, no one was kidnapped or injured during the attack.
On June 7, 2013, Comrade Artemio was convicted of terrorism, drug trafficking, and money laundering. He was sentenced to life in prison and a fine of $183 million.
On August 11, 2013, Comrade Alipio, the Shining Path's leader in the Ene-Apurímac Valley, was killed in a battle with government forces in Llochegua.
On April 9, 2016 on the eve of the country's presidential elections, the Peruvian government blamed remnants of the Shining Path for a guerilla attack which killed eight soldiers and two civilians.
Also see[]
- The Internal conflict in Peru
- National Intelligence Service (Peru)
- Operation Condor
- Native Perú
- South America